1981年考研英语试题及答案

Section I Structure and Vocabulary

In each question, decide which of the five choices given wouldmost suitablycomplete the sentence. Circle the letter beforeyour choice. Only one choice is to be circled(14 points)EXAMPLE:

The guests said that they wouldn’t mind ________.[A] to have a little light music[B] having a little light music[C] have a little light music

[D] if they have a little light music[E] that they have a little light music

ANSWER: [B]1. She has been working in this factory ________.[A] after 1968[B] in 1968[C] since 1968[D] for 1968[E] until 1968

2. We can’t understand why he avoided ________ to us.[A] to speak[B] speech

[C] having spoken[D] speaking

[E] to have spoken

3. I am interested in ________ you have told me.[A] which[B] all that[C] all what

[D] that

[E] everything of which

4. It is because she is too inexperienced ________ she does

not know how to deal with the situation.[A] so[B] that[C] so that[D] therefore[E] that is why

5. He was afraid he would have to ________ her invitation to

the party.[A] refute[B] refuse[C] return[D] ignore[E] decline

6. She wants to know whether the measures have been agreed

________.[A] to[B] with[C] about[D] upon[E] over

7. Since she is angry, we ________.[A] had better leaving her alone[B] should leave her alone

[C] might as well leave her alone[D] had rather leave her alone[E] must leave her alone

8. I wish I ________ to the movies with you last night.[A] went[B] did go[C] could go[D] have gone

[E] could have gone

9. Scarcely had they settled themselves in their seats in

the theatre ________ the curtain went up.[A] than[B] when[C] before[D] as soon as[E] as

10. Write clearly ________ your teacher can understand you

correctly.[A] since[B] for[C] because[D] so that[E] then

11. If the doctor had been available, the child ________.[A] would not die

[B] would not have died[C] could not die

[D] could not have died[E] should not have died

12. I’d just as soon ________ rudely to her.[A] that you won’t speak

[B] your not speaking[C] you not speak

[D] you hadn’t spoken[E] you didn’t speak

13. Ten years had elapsed. I found she had ________.[A] a little white hair[B] some white hair[C] much white hair[D] a few white hair[E] a few white hairs

14. The electric shaver ________ before it can be used.[A] needs repairing

[B] requires to be repaired[C] should be in repair[D] has to be repairable[E] must repair

Section II Error-detection

Each question consists of a sentence with five underlinedparts (words or phrases). These parts are labeled [A], [B],[C], [D] and [E]. Choose the part of the sentence that isincorrectand circle the letter of your choice. Only one choiceis to be marked. (8 points)

EXAMPLE:

We the research as as we ; , it did not to be satisfactory.

ANSWER: [B]15. The president , the deans, planning a the purpose of

certain regulations.16. convince the director their plan, they a number of

reports their argument.17. His method research work is appreciated; he inferior

others.18. A series the lecturers scheduled the next .

19. The automobile industry that will consume gasoline and

much less pollution.20. When his plane the airport , I Beijing.

21. The industrial the direction of machines and people.22. The workers to work before .

Section III Sentence Making

Combine the given words and phrases into sentences. (4 points)EXAMPLE:

His sons / he / their grandmother / to see / just beforehis last birthday / take

ANSWER:

Just before his last birthday he took his sons to seetheir grandmother.

23. last month / in Europe / travel / she / since

24. the decision / as final / frankly / should / not

consider25. to the stranger / talk / there / stand / a while ago /

he26. this kind of / can / get used to / I / never / food /

eat

Section IV Verb Forms

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbgiven in parentheses. (14 points)

EXAMPLE:

“Those,” he said, ________ (point) to the books ________(pile) on the desk, “________ (need) over there now.”

ANSWER: pointing; piled; are neededThousands of years ________ (pass) since then; but peoplestill ________ (like)________ (tell) the story of Leonidas andthe brave three hundred who ________ (dedicate) their lives totheir country.

ANSWER: have passed; like; to tell; dedicated27. The public demanded that the prices ________ (reduce).28. With the guide ________ (lead) the way, we set off on

foot into the dark night.29. I need that book badly. If you go to the bookshop this

afternoon, please remember ________ (buy) a copy for me.30. ________ (arrive) home at daybreak, he felt dead tired.

He ________ (work) all night.31. ________ (exhaust) by his work, he lay down on the bed

to take a rest.32. We’ll have to take a roundabout course, for the road

________ (repair).33. No decision ________ (make) about that matter yet. We

________ (still consider) it.34. ________ (meet) Tom earlier today, I don’t need to see

him again.

35. If you ________ (go) on at the present rate, you

________ (use) up all the petroleum by the end of themonth.36. The building is said ________ (destroy) in a fire two

years ago.37. The car ________ (go) at the present speed until it

reaches the foot of tonight.

the mountain at about ten o’clockSection V Cloze Test

Fill in the blanks with proper words (10 points)

In recent years television has become the most popularform of entertainment. It does not look as if it will bepopular in the world of the future. In fact it looks as iftelevision will become more popular than ever. New systems oftelevision have been made possible the discovery of the laser.A laser is a beam of light that has many strange qualities. Byusing a laser, it is possible to throw every large and veryclear television pictures on a screen. These pictures may beas large as three meters . Many people could watch this kindof television together.

Laser beams have also made very thin television sets .These sets can be hung on the wall of a room like a largepicture. Another development in the future will be threedimensional television; the picture will look more ‘real’ itwill have depth as well as height and length.

In the near future you will be able to buy your favouritetelevision programmes already on tapes. They will be like thetapes are used in small cassette tape recorders today. Youwill also be able to record television programmes and playthem later. The laser beam will make possible.

Section VI Chinese-English Translation

Translate the following into English. (10 points)48. 这门课我们越学越喜欢。

49. 这家工厂只能供应我们所需要的百分之三十。50. 他们一直谈到入睡。

51. 许多人以为电是燃料，但事实上并非如此。

52. 我国的社会主义现代化是一项我们必须努力完成的任务。

Section VII English-Chinese Translation

Choose one of the following three passages and translate itinto Chinese. (40 points)

(1)

The United Kingdom is a monarchical (君主政体的) State. Itis one of the independent members of the Commonwealth (theQueen is recognized as head of the Commonwealth), and a memberof the European Community.

The origins and traditions of the United Kingdom are to befound in each of the four parts that make up the country:England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England wasunited as a kingdom a thousand years ago, and Wales becamepart of the kingdom during the middle ages. The thrones (王位)of England and Scotland were united in 1603, and in 1707legislation passed in the two countries provided for theestablishment of a single Parliament of Great Britain withsupreme authority both in England and Wales and in Scotland.Ireland had had links with the kingdom of England since thethirteenth century, and in 1800 the creation of the UnitedKingdom was completed by a union joining the Irish Parliamentto that of Great Britain. In 1922 Southern Ireland (now theIrish Republic) became a self-governing country. The sixcounties of Northern Ireland had in 1920 been given their ownsubordinate Parliament, and voted to remain within the UnitedKingdom.

The United Kingdom Parliament at Westminster in London —with an elected chamber comprising members from English,Scottish, Welsh and Northern Ireland constituencies (选举区)— therefore represents people sharing very varied backgroundsand traditions. It has ultimate authority for government andlaw-making, but administrative arrangements have developed insuch a way as to take account of the particular needs ofdifferent areas.

England and Wales on the one hand and Scotland on the

other have different systems of law, different court systems,different education systems, different systems of localgovernment and, for most domestic matters, differentgovernment departments.

(2)

As more people live closer together, and as they usemachines to produce leisure, they find that their leisure, andeven their working hours, become spoilt by a by-product oftheir machines — namely, noise. Noise is nowadays in thenews; it has acquired political status, and public opinion isdemanding, more and more insistently, that something must bedone about it.

To control noise is to demand much self-discipline(annoyance arises often from lack of common courtesy), a senseof proportion (there is usually a conflict of interest if anoise is to be stopped), the expenditure of money (and it isfar more economical to do this early rather that late), andfinally, technical knowledge.

Technical difficulties often arise from the subjective-objective nature of the problem. You can define the excessivespeed of a motor-car in terms of a pointer reading on aspeedometer. But can you define excessive noise in the sameway? You find that with any existing simple “noise-meter”,vehicles which are judged to be equally noisy may showconsiderable difference on the meter.

Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at itssource, this may in many cases be impossible. The next remedyis to absorb it on its way to the ear.

Domestic noises may perhaps be controlled by forethoughtand courtesy, and industrial noises by good planning andtechnical improvement. But if we are going to allow fastmotor-cycles and heavy diesel lorries to pass continuouslytrough residential and business districts, the community mustdecide on the control it needs to exercise, for in the longrun it has got to pay for it. And if a nation is to take partin modern air transport, it must enter into international

agreements on the noise control measures it will impose at itsairports — and here the cost of any real control is to bemeasured in millions of dollars.

(3)

About 350 years ago Galileo made a telescope and lookedthrough it at the sun. What he saw both surprised andfrightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at oncesuggested to him that God had not made the world quite asperfect as he had previously believed. He hesitated to makehis discovery known. Meanwhile other scientists noticed thesame lack of solar perfection and proclaimed (宣布) the fact.

But Galileo continued his observations and was soonrewarded with another discovery. Fixing his attention on asingle sunspot (太阳黑子) group, he noticed that in a few daysit had moved in position, just as if the sun itself wereturning. Afterwards he found a sunspot group which lived longenough to disappear from view on the western limb (边缘) ofthe sun, to re-appear on its eastern limb, and finally toregain its old position. This led him to conclude that the sunitself was rotating and that the time it took to make onecomplete turn was about twenty-five to twenty-seven days.Actually we know from the drawings which Galileo made ofsunspots that there must have been quite a lot of them at thetime of his observations in the years 1611 and 1612. If he hadgone on making his drawings in the years that immediatelyfollowed, we know that he would almost certainly have noticedthat sunspots were becoming fewer and smaller. But he becameinterested in other things and so he failed to recognize thatthere is a kind of long-term cycle in sunspot activity, thesunspots increasing and decreasing as the years go on. Laterthis discovery of the sunspot activity was made by one of themost patient observers in the history of science, a Germanchemist, Charles Schwabe.

1981年考研英语真题答案

Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (14 points)1. [C]6. [D]11. [B]

2. [D]7. [C]12. [E]

3. [B]8. [E]13. [E]

4. [B]9. [B]14. [A]

5. [E]10. [D]

Section II: Error-detection (8 points)15. [C]20. [B]

16. [B]21. [E]

17. [E]22. [B]

18. [C]

19. [C]

Section III: Sentence Making (4 points)

23. She has been travelling in Europe since last month.24. Frankly, the decision should not be considered asfinal.25. He stood there talking to the stranger a whileago. / Standing there, he talked to the stranger awhile ago.26. I can never get used to eating this kind of foodSection IV: Verb Forms (14points)27. be reduced29. to buy31. Exhausted

28. leading

30. Arriving, had beenworking32. is being repaired

33. has been made, are34. Having metstill considering35. go, will have used37. will be going

36. to destroyed

have been

Section V: Cloze Test (10 points)38. less40. to42. possible44. recorded46. back

39. by41. by43. because45. that / which47. this

Section VI:Chinese-English Translation (10 points)48. The more I study the subject, the more I like it.49. The factory can only supply thirty percent of what we

need.50. They did not stop talking until they fell asleep.51. Many people think that electricity is a fuel; but, as a

matter of fact, it is not.52. The socialist modernization of our country is an

important task that we must strive to fulfill.Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (40 points)(1)

联合王国是一个君主政体的国家。它是英联邦内的国家之一（女王被承认是英联邦的首脑），也是欧洲共同体的成员国。

联合王国的起源和传统可从组成它的四个部分——英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰——的各个部分找到。英格兰在一千年前统一为一个王国，威尔士则于中世纪时成为这王国的一个组成部分。一六〇三年，英格兰与苏格兰的王位合而为一；一七〇七年两国通过立法，规定设立一个单一的、在英格兰和威尔士以及在苏格兰均享有最高权力的大不列颠国会。爱尔兰与英格兰王国自十三世纪起已有联系；一八〇〇年由于爱尔兰国会并入大不列颠国会，联合王国的创建便告完成。一九二二年，南爱尔兰（现在的爱尔兰共和国）成为一个自主的国家。北爱尔兰的六个郡已于一九二〇年被授权成立自己的、在联合王国国会之下的

议会，并投票表决留在联合王国内。

在伦敦威斯敏斯特的联合王国国会——它有一个选举出来的、由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰各地选区所产生的议员组成的议院——因此代表具有十分不同的背景和传统的人民。它具有最高的权力和立法权，但在行政管理方面已作出了安排以照顾不同地区的特殊需要。

英格兰和威尔士以及苏格兰两者各有不同的法律制度，不同的系统，不同的教育制度，不同的地方制度，并且设有不同的部门来处理大部分的内部事务。

(2)

随着更多的人住得更近，随着他们使用各种机器而获得闲暇，他们发现他们的空暇，甚至他们的工作时间都受到他们机器的一个副产品——即噪音——的严重影响。现在新闻报导中经常谈论噪音；它已取得了政治地位，公众也越来越坚持要求采取一定措施来对付噪音。

要控制噪音就得要求很大程度的自我约束（使人烦恼的事常常是由于缺乏普通的礼貌引起的），一种均衡感（如果要制止噪音，通常会引起利害冲突），化钱（早化钱比晚化钱经济得多），最后还有技术知识。

技术往往是由于问题的主客观性质引起的。你可以根据速度计上指针所指的读数来确定一辆汽车的超速。可是，你能用同样的方法来确定超量的噪音吗？你会发现，被认为噪音相同的车辆，在任何现有的简单“噪音计”上显示的读数可能大不相同。

虽然消除噪音的最理想方法是产生的根源处消灭它，但在很多情况下，这也许是不可能的。其次的补救办法是将混音在它到达耳朵的过程中吸收掉。

家里的噪音或许可能通过事先的考虑与谦让加以控制，工业噪音则可能通过良好的规划与技术的改进加以控制。但是，如果我们允许高速摩托车与重型内燃机卡车经常不断地通过住宅区与商业区，那么这些地区的全体居民就必须决定他们需要实行的控制措施，因为从长远的观点来看，他们必须为些付出代价。如果一个国家要有现代化的空中运输，它必须参加国际噪音控制措施协定，这些措施它必须责成它的机场予以执行——而在这个问题上，任何真正控制措施的费用要以百万美元来计算。

(3)

大约在三百五十年前，伽利略制造了台望远镜，并用它来观察太

阳。他所看到的景象使他感到既吃惊又害怕，因为他看到太阳上有一些黑点，这使他立刻联想到上帝创造的世界并不象他以前所相信的那么完美。他犹豫不决，不敢把他的发现公布于世。与此同时，其他的科学家也注意到太阳的这个缺陷，并宣布了这个事实。

但是，伽利略继续进行观测，不久，他的努力获得了另一发现。他把注意力集中在一群太阳黑子上，他发现，在几天内，这群黑子的位置起了变化，宛如太阳本身在转动。后来，他发现有一群黑子在太阳西部的边缘上停留了一段时间才消失，然后在太阳的东部边缘上最后回复原位。此种现象导致他得出这样的结论：太阳本身在旋转，旋转一周约需二十五到二十七天。直，我们从伽利略所画的太阳黑子图中知道，在一六一一和一六一二年他观察太阳期间，一定曾出现过大量的太阳黑子。如果在随后的几年中，他继续把这些太阳黑子描画下来，我们相信，他大概一定会发现太阳黑子正在变得愈来愈少和愈来愈小。可是，那时候，他却对其他事物发生的兴趣，因此，他看不到在太阳黑子的活动中存在着一种长期的周期，随着岁月的消逝，太阳黑子会时多时少。后来，发现太阳黑子活动周期的是人是科学史上最有耐心的观察者之一——德国化学家查尔斯·许伟勃。