新考研英语长难句易考题大全(上)

that will disable them when they offend.

【分析】 本句是There be 句型，television chat show… and cars…是并列。过去分词结构hosted by robots做后置定语修饰television chat shows，而限定性定语从句(that will disable them when they offend)则修饰前面的pollution monitors。分词结构作后置定语在考研中是最常见的语言现象之一，一起来看几个例子：（1）I know the girl who comes from Beijing. Who充当从句主语，省略后后面动词为主动语态，省略为coming， 因此句子为I know the girl coming form Beijing. （2）I have a dog which is named King. which充当从句主语，省略之后后面动词为被动语态，省略为named，因此句子为I have a dog named King.

【词汇】host n.主人，主持人；v.主持---- a host of表示“许多”

disable vt. 使，使残废---注意写作句型中的enable sb. to do sth.使某人做

某事

disabled adj. 残废的，有缺陷的 offend vt. 触怒；vi.违规

【译文】届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视聊天节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标，监控器就会使其停驶。

2. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.

【分析】 本句是简单句，全句主干是This phenomenon has created serious concerns。over是“关于”的含义，人们的担忧实际包含两个方面：一是the role (of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen) ，另一个是the ultimate stability (of the world economy) 。

【词汇】concern n. 关心，顾及；v. 涉及，关系到—> concerning 关于 <写作句型> create serious concerns over引起…的极大关注 ultimate a.最终的

stability n. 稳定—> stable a. 稳定的= steady

【译文】 这种现象引起了人们对小型经济实体与民族商人的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定性的极大关注。

3. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and

promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed.

【分析】 这是一个宾语从句的并列结构，主干是this does not mean，后面接了三个并列的that从句作mean的宾语，中间用but连接。在第三个宾语从句中， no longer openly honored是插入语结构。

【词汇】ambition n.雄心，抱负[谐音“俺必胜”] stir v. & n. 激起，搅动 prompt v.鼓动，促使[注意：prompt在阅读中通常用于形容词，表示“敏捷的、迅速的”]

profess v. 表示，宣称[pro-向前+fess-说，同根词confess坦白]

【译文】 这并不意味着抱负已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励；而只是说明人们不再愿意公开地承认，公开以它为荣。［此处插入语翻译时变换了作用］

4. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.

【分析】 本句是由not…but… 结构构成。注意这个结构引导的是两个方式状语。其核心词分别是inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills和the daily clash of world views。本句的主干是The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted。两个分词短语充当句子的状语。 【词汇】be rooted in根源在于

[写作句型] the astonishing … of … is rooted in …

例如：The astonishing ignorance of environmental pollution is rooted in too much importance attached to the results of economic development. 对于环境污染令人震惊的忽视，根源于我们过度重视经济发展的结果。

crush压碎，碾碎 crash碰撞 clash 撞击声，冲突 world view世界观

【译文】 对新闻媒介这种令人震惊的不信任，其根源并非是报道失实或低下的报道技巧，而是记者与读者的世界观每天都发生着碰撞。

5. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and

gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.

【分析】 本句是一个虚拟语句。If it did是从句，主句主语it后面跟了两个并列的谓语成分：一是would open up its diversity program，二是(would) look for reporters。reporters后面跟了一个定语从句。now focused narrowly on race and gender是分词结构作program的后置定语。

【词汇】diversity n.多样性/ focus on聚焦于= center on gender n.性别 outlook n. 观念

【译文】 如果是这样，它就应该进一步开放其目前只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别员工的多样化项目，并进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各类记者。

6. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education,

justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.

【分析】句子主语是an education，后面that引导定语从句修饰主语，谓语动词是is，表语是a technical education。过去分词结构justified for reason做后置定语修饰a technical education，原本是which is justified for reasons，也就相当于前面的内容之所以合情合理是因为reasons。Reasons后面接了一个形容词结构radically different作修饰，后面的why education is universally required by law看成一个整体，因此句子的意思是前面的内容之所以合理的原因不同于后面的why引导的句子。

【词汇】be justified for … 被证明合理是由于… radically 原意为“激进”，在考研中的副词修饰形容词时通常翻译为“非常” 【译文】 旨在使学生胜任某种工作的教育是职业教育，它存在的理由与法律所规定的普及教育之间有很大差别。

7. Parents claimed more positive emotions and more meaning in their lives than non-parents, and a closer look revealed it was fathers who most enjoyed these benefits.

［分析］Parents是主语，claimed是谓语动词，宾语是more positive emotions and more meaning in their lives的并列结构，其中more… than…构成了比较级。And构成了并列句连接，后面分句中a closer look是主语，revealed是谓语，宾语从句it was

fathers who most enjoyed these benefits本身也是一个it was…who….构成的强调句。these benefits指代前方的more positive emotions and more meaning in their lives。 ［词汇］claim v. 声称，断言 a closer look仔细观察

［译文］相比那些还没做父母的人，为人父母者具有更积极的情感和生活也更有意义。通过更加仔细的观察，可以发现父亲在上述方面更明显。

8. Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.

【分析】 本句主干是my experiment... has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality。注意其谓语是一个turn sth. into sth.的结构。前面两个逗号之间的是时间状语。主语的修饰部分in what the Americans term “downshifting”，此处的难点是term用作动词，term A. B.把…说成…，此处的A就是放置前方的what。

【词汇】 term n.学期，条款，术语；v.把…称为 tired excuse老掉牙的借口 【译文】 奇怪的是，我在大约两年半的时间里完成两本小说之后，我这个被美国人称为“放慢生活节奏”的试验已经将我老掉牙的借口变成了确凿的现实。［由于本句截取，中文意思会有些断章取义］

9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.

【分析】本句是简单句，it主语，serves….. to assist为谓语部分，a rapid distribution of goods是宾语，at reasonable price是状语，后面紧接and连接的两个分词结构，做伴随状语：第一个结构是动宾结构，第二个结构是make it adj. to do sth. 。it作形式宾语，provide for export at competitive prices是真正的宾语。 【词汇】serve to用于

distribution n.分配

【译文】它能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以建立一个稳固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。

10. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

【分析】本句话结构比较简单，句首是状语，主语是the concept of private property，谓语动词是embraces，后面的宾语用not only….but also…连接，第二个宾语certain rights后面是including引导的结构作为解释，the right后面是or连接的to determine和to make构成并列。

【词汇】concept n.概念

embrace v. 拥抱，[僻义]包含

[写作句型] the environmental protection embraces not only a series of laws and

regulations but also the increased awareness of the public. 环境保护不仅仅只是一系列的法律法规，还有老百姓意识的增强。

determine vt. 决定; v. be determined to do 下定决心做某事 contract n.合同；v.缩短，收紧 <区分 contact联系>

【译文】在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体自由签定合同的权利。

11. We have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if

he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.

【分析】 这个句子的难点在于a certain conception of the American citizen后面是同位语a character［一般逗号两边都是名词或名词结构，可以判断为同位语结构］，其后是一个who引导的定语从句：其中主句是who is incomplete，if引导条件从句，这个条件从句中的谓语动词assess跟了一个how引导的宾语从句。

【词汇】a certain某种

conception 观念，概念

competently本意是胜任地、合适地，此处演化成“准确地” assess v.评价，评估 livelihood生活 【译文】我们应该这样理解美国公民——如果他不能准确判断自身的生活和幸福是如何受到外界影响的，那么他是个不完整的个体。

12. The \"shareholders\" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.

【分析】这句话结构的突破点是and，and后面是一个简单的主系表结构，前面比较复杂。the \"shareholders\"主语， as such作为修饰， had no knowledge of是谓语部分， the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen是宾语，employed by the company引导分词结构做后置定语，修饰前面的workmen， in which he held shares是定语从句修饰前面的company。 【词汇】shareholder股东 as such这样的

have no knowledge of 对…不了解；不知道

【译文】这样的\"股东\"对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系不会产生积极的影响。

13. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.

【分析】本句是since引导的原因状语从句，主句中economist是主语，谓语部分是被动语态，宾语是favorable inflation figures。从句中conventional measures是主语，谓语suggest

后面是that引导的宾语从句，逗号之间是插入语，补充说明。 【词汇】favorable 利好的；非常好的 inflation n.通货膨胀

convention n. 大会，会议；[僻义] 惯例--->conventional a. 传统的= traditional slack n. 松弛，淡季——productive slack生产滑坡

【译文】让经济学家感到特别诧异的是, 英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的结果, 因为传统的分析方法表明, 两国尤其是美国的经济生产几乎没有出现滑坡。

14. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.

【分析】第一个句子是主系表结构。第二个句子主语是some economists，谓语动词argue后面接宾语从句，从句中powerful structural changes in the world是主语，have upended是谓语，the old economic models是宾语，后面又接一个定语从句，其中were based upon是谓语部分，the historical link后面接了一个between…and…结构。 【词汇】thrilling a. 毛骨悚然的，令人震惊的

defective a.有缺陷的 upend v. 颠倒，倒放

[写作句型]we can find that powerful innovative measures have upended the old

lifestyle in which too little importance were attached to the environmental protection .我们发现强有力的改革措施改变了不太重视环境保护的传统生活方式，

【译文】很不幸，这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济结构的强有力的变化已经了以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联为基础的旧经济模式。

15. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.

【分析】逗号之间是插入语，主语是his colleague，谓语say后面是宾语从句，far too many companies是主语， have applied是谓语， re-engineering是宾语， in a mechanistic fashion是状语，后面chopping引导分词结构做状语。 【词汇】apply vt.应用(to); vi.申请 （for） in a … fashion 以 ….方式

[写作句型] Many of us make use of natural resources, dumping in a random fashion without giving sufficient thought to environmental protection. 我们中很多人充分使用资源，却随意乱扔，没有充分考虑环境保护问题。 chop out削减 = cut down

sufficient a.充分的 give thought to 考虑 long-term长期的

【译文】他的同事迈克尔.比尔说，有太多的公司采用机械的方式实行重组，没有充分考虑长期赢利能力的情况下削减成本。

16. You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house,

and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.

解析：此句是用and连接的两个并列句。在前一个分句中，又用as引导了一个比较状语从句，将make a blueprint of a desire 与 make a blueprint of a house作比较。第二个分句的主干是：each of us... is making... Blueprints... 词汇：

blueprint n.蓝图

continually adv.持续不断地 routine n. 常规

译文：你可以在头脑里勾画出愿望的蓝图，如同设计房屋的蓝图一样。而我们每个人在日常生活中都在不停地勾画着这样的愿望蓝图。