初中英语补课资料

迟

put up 张贴；留宿；举起 put out 熄灭；关熄；扑灭

put on 穿上 put down(=write down) 记下；写下 put forward提出（意见、建议） put aside节省（钱、时间）；储蓄；储存…备用 put up with 忍受

练一练：①Many flights ______________ because of the heavy fog (雾) in Jiangbei airport.

A. were put on B. were put in C. were put off D. were put up

2. in time 及时 on time 准时；按时 at times=from time to time 有时

at any time 任何时候 have a good time 过得开心at the same time 同时

at one time =once upon a time 从前；曾经 in no time 立刻；马上（at once; right away）

at all times 一直 ahead of time 提前 take one’s time 慢慢来；不急 kill time 消磨时间 save time 节约时间

waste time 浪费时间 Time flies=How time flies!时光飞逝 Time will tell.时间会证明一切 It’s time to do sth .at a time一次

练一练：－The news reported that the man in the accident was saved ___________. －Great! How lucky he was!

A. in time B. on time C. at times D. at any time

3. 把…带去给某人 take …to :Please take these things to your sister. 把…带来给某人 bring…to :Can you bring my homework to school 4. look、see、watch、read的用法：四个词均与眼睛有关。 look指放眼去“看”(不管是否看得到),指“看”的过程；

see指“看见”这一结果,有时see还引申为“明白”,表示“看”时后面加“电影”等词；watch指专注的看,含有“注视、监视”之义,后面常跟“电视、比赛”等词； read为看书面材料,译为“看、阅读”,后面跟“书、报纸、杂志”等词。

如：What are you looking at(你在看什么)/ Please look at the blackboard. (请看黑板)/ Let me go to see the film, mum, will you (妈妈,让我去看电影吧,好吗)/ He won’t feel well until he finishes watching the football match. (要看完了足球赛他才会感觉好些)/ Reading gives us knowledge.(阅读给我们知识) 5. borrow、lend、keep的用法：表示“借”的三个词, borrow“借进”。

lend“出借”都是一次性动作,不可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。 keep“保存”用来表示借一段时间。

如： I have lost the book I borrowed from my teacher. What can I do (我丢掉了从老师那里借来的书)/ How long have you kept my dictionary,ehFor more than two months! (呃,我的字典你借了多久了两个多月了！ 6.与···相同：the same ```as;与```不同：be different from

The twins may look the same _____ each other, but they are different ______ many ways. A. as, from B. of, from

C. as, in D. with, from

7. 英语句子成分讲解:

主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）

To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）

谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep.

表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） 常见的系动词有: be, sound, look, feel, smell, taste, become, turn, get... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.

Now I feel tired. The trees turn green in spring. 宾语：

1）动作的承受者-----动宾

I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）

How many do you need We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.

宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）

We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )

Please make yourself at home. (介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）

Don’t keep the lights burning.（现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）

主补：对主语的补充。

He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

定语：修饰或名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）

We belong to the third world.（数词）

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my friend. (副词)

The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）

The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）

状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

I will go there tomorrow.

The meeting will be held in the meeting room. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.

He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 8. 英语五种简单句讲解

一种简单主谓型 S+V 二种基本主谓宾 S+V+O 三种常见主系表 S+V+P 四种主谓加双宾 S+V+O1+O2 五种主谓宾补型 S+V+O+C

S（subject）=主语， V（verb）=谓语，系动词

O（object）=宾语，P（predicative）=表语，

O1（indirect object）=间接宾语， O2（direct object）=直接宾语， C（complement）=补语

一、主语+不及物动词 S+V

不能直接加宾语的动词叫做不及物动词。例如： 1. The baby laughs. 2 The children are swimming.

二、主语＋及物动词＋宾语 S+V+O

后面跟宾语意思才完整的动词是及物动词。名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式都可以做宾语。例如： 1. The workers made machines.

2. The students are cleaning the classroom.

三、主语＋系动词＋表语 S+V+P

初中阶段常见的系动词有：get, be, turn, look, smell, taste, sound, become等。表语是英语中的一种特殊成分，常跟在连系动词后面。表语一般由名词或形容词等充当。例如：

1. He became angry. 2. My mother is a teacher.

四、主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 S+V+O1+O2

有些及物动词可以有两个（双）宾语，指人的宾语叫做间接宾语，指物的宾语叫做直接宾语，合称为双宾语。如把直接宾语放在间接宾语之前，间接宾语前要加介词to 或者for。

1. 与介词to 的连用的动词主要有give, bring, lend, pass, show, teach, tell, take, send等。例如： He gave me a ruler. =He gave a ruler to me.

2. 与介词for连用的动词主要有：buy, cook, do, find, get, leave, make, play等。例如：

My mother bought one beautiful birthday present for me. =My mother bought me a beautiful birthday present. 注意：如果直接宾语是人称代词时，必须将其置于间接宾语之前。 【误】I need some salt. Pass me it, please. 【正】I need some salt. Pass it to me, please.

五、主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 S+V+O+C

宾语＋宾语补足语叫做复合宾语，作宾语补足语的常有以下几类词：

1. 后面一般跟不定式作宾语补主足语的动词有：ask, get, order, tell, want, wish，allow等（V + sb.+ to do sth.）。例如： Our teacher told us to come early tomorrow.

2. 后面一般跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： 四“看”：see, watch, look at, notice；三“使役”：let, have, make；二“听”：hear, listen to；一“感觉”：feel等（V + sb. +do sth.）。例如：

Did you see him come in

句子成分分析专练

. He is a teacher. (主谓宾)

S V P

1. Our school is not far from my home. ( ) 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. ( ) 3. All of us considered him honest. ( ) 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. ( ) 5. He broke a piece of glass. ( )

6. He made it clear that he would leave the city. ( ) 7. I love you more than her, child. ( ) 8. Tees turn green when spring comes. ( ) 9. They pushed the door open. ( )

10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. ( ) 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. ( ) 12. All the students think highly of his teaching. ( ) 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. ( ) 14. He asked us to sing an English song. ( )

15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like. ( )16. We will make our school more beautiful. ( ) 17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know. ( ) 18. She showed us her many of her pictures. ( ) 19. The old man lives a lonely life. ( )

20. Luckily the 19 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. ( )21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany. ( )22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him. ( )23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfill it this month. ( )24. Go back where you came from. ( )

25. We must do whatever the people want us to do. ( ) 26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. ( ) 27. Would you please pass me the cup ( ) 28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. ( ) 29. Do you know the latest news about him ( ) 30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow. ( ) 主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ） 1. 你应当努力学习。

2. 她昨天回家很晚。

3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。

4. 会议将持续两个小时。

5. 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。

6. 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。

7. 1919年，在北京爆发了“五`四”运动。

8. 每天八时开始上课。

9. 这个盒子重五公斤。

10. 五年前我住在北京。

主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋ 宾语

1. 昨晚我写了一封信。

2. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。

3. 这本书他读过多次了。

4. 他们成功地完成了计划。

5. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。

6. 那位先生能流利地说三种语言。

7. 我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。

8. Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。

9. 我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。

10. 他不知道说什麽好。

主系表结构 （主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 ）

1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。

2. 冬季白天短，夜晚长。

3. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。

4. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。

5. 孩子们，请保持安静。

6. 这本书是有关美国历史的书。

） 7. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。

8. 他失业了。

9. 树叶已经变黄了。

10. 这个报告听起来很有意思。

双宾语结构 （主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋ 间接宾语 ＋ 直接宾语 ）

1. Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。

2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。

3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。

4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗

5. 他把车票给列车员看。

6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。

7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。

8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。

9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗

10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗

复合宾语结构 （主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 ） 1. 我们叫她爱丽丝。

2. 他的父母给他取名为约翰。

3. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。

4. 他们把门推开了。

5. 他们把小偷释放了。

6. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。

7. 他请我们参加做游戏。

8. 我要你把告诉我。

9. 卫兵命令我们立即离开。

10. 明天我要找人来修理机器。

11. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。

12. 痛苦使得他叫喊起来。

13. 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。

14. 他每个月理一次发。

15. 我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。

16. 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。

17. 她正在听人家讲故事。

18. 男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。

19. 我从来没看见这个字这样用过。

20. 他感到很难跟你交谈。

21. 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。

22. 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。

23. 学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。

24. 我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。

There be 句型

1. 今晚没有会。

2. 这个村子过去只有一口井。

3. 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。

4. 客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。

5. 天气预报说下午有大风。

6. 灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。

7. 战前这儿一直有家电影院的。

8. 恰好那时房里没人。

9. 从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。

10. 公共汽车来了。

11. 就只剩下二十八美元了。

12. 在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。

13. 铃响了。

14. 二月份有二十八天。