最新 版高考英语 阅读理解专题练习(及答案)100 (4)

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解

Most of us have looked up at the stars that fill the night sky and wondered whether we're alone in the universe. Indeed, the question of whether there's life out there has been something humankind's been asking itself for countless years. But thanks to China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), the answer to this question may come a lot sooner than we expected.

The telescope has a huge round reflector, which measures 500 meters across and has a perimeter(周长)of 1.6 kilometers. Because of its great size, it would have been both difficult and inefficient to get FAST to move like a regular telescope. Instead, FAST's designers came up with a great solution: its surface is made up of 4450 panels which can be individually adjusted. This clever design feature allows scientists to detect radio signals from any angle with a great degree of accuracy. \"Panels can change their positions through connected wires and parallel (关联的) robots. We can control their position with an accuracy of 1mm,\" Zheng Yuanpeng, chief engineer of the telescope's panel project, told Xinhua News Agency.

FAST's engineers also had the task of finding a suitable location. As any interference would affect its ability to detect distant radio waves, it needed to be built in a remote area. Luckily, the perfect spot was found in the beautiful mountains of Guizhou Province. \"There are three hills about 500 meters away from one another, creating a valley that is perfect to support the telescope,\" Sun Caihong, chief engineer of FAST's construction, told Xinhua.

And although it wasn't yet fully operated, FAST had already made great discoveries by October 2017. Since 1967, only around 2000 pulsars (脉冲星) have been discovered, yet FAST had detected six more by October 2017. Once FAST is fully up and running, we may finally have the answer to one of the biggest questions in history.

（1）What is the purpose of mentioning the question in Paragraph 1? A. To introduce the new giant telescope. B. To explain why there is life in universe. C. To remind readers to think about the life in space. D. To emphasize the question that should be answered. （2）What can we know from Paragraph 2? A. The telescope is made up of many panels. B. The area of FAST is about 800 square kilometers. C. The engineer can handle FAST's position accurately. D. The individual panel helps scientists catch radio signals. （3）Why was FAST built in Guizhou?

A. Because Guizhou is a remote province. B. Because Guizhou has an ideal valley. C. Because Guizhou has beautiful mountains. D. Because Guizhou has the ability to build it. （4）What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?

A. FAST's timeline. B. FAST's future. C. FAST's operation. D. FAST's discoveries.

【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国500米口径球面射电望远镜，它的设计原理、选址以及发展前景等多方面的信息。

（1）考查推理判断。第一段通过提出问题，再引出答案，在引出答案的同时引出了本文要介绍的我国500米口径球面射电望远镜。所以第一段提出问题的目的是引出本文的介绍对象。这也是说明文常见的写作手法。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“its surface is made up of 4450 panels which can be individually adjusted. This clever design feature allows scientists to detect radio signals from any angle with a great degree of accuracy.“它的表面由4500片可调节的金属板组成。这种聪明的设计可以让科学家从不同的角度精确的探测到无线电信号。可推知，这些金属板能帮助科学家捕捉无线电信号。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“There are three hills about 500 meters away from one another, creating a valley that is perfect to support the telescope”这儿有三座间距500米左右的山，是安置望远镜的绝佳的山谷，可知，望远镜之所以安置在贵州，是因为贵州有一个很好的山谷。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中“And although it wasn't yet fully operated, FAST had already made great discoveries by October 2017.“虽然还没有完全运转起来，到2017年10月FAST已经有了重大发现。可知，这一段讲述FAST的重大发现。并且其后几句话也是来具体阐述FAST的重大发现的。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Young Adult Groups

●Around the World in 80 Books — 9,186 members

If you love exploring the world through books, you have come to the right place! It all started as a challenge on TNBBC in 2009, and now we have our own group! Challenge participation is not a requirement of joining. Anyone who loves reading books is welcome. Website: http: //www.worldinbooks.com Rules: Respect each other's opinions and have fun! ●Readers That Love Giveaways — 734 members

This group is for readers that enjoy entering give-aways and finding freebies(免费物)! Follow us for the newestbargain, discounted, and free e-books, as well as new releases and book recommendations. Website: http://www.fireandicebooktours.com Rules: Please share your items in the appropriate folders! ●Book Loving Kiwis — 706 members

A group for New Zealand book lovers（and authors）and lovers of New Zealand books（and

books in general）. Aplace to share what we're reading, introduce books we have written, and discuss and recommend books. Please recommend us to your friends. Website: http://www.kiwisbook.com

Rules: Enjoy reading! Respect all group members and their opinions. ●A Book and a Cappucino — 77 members

This group is for anyone who likes to read and likes to read at their own pace. It does not matter how much or how little you read. It's just a friendly place to discuss what you're reading and to get ideas for your next read. You can participate as much or as little as you like. Website: http://www.bookandcappucino.com

Rules: Be respectful to all. Everyone has a right to share opinions. （1）Which of the four groups is the most popular?

A. Book Loving Kiwis. B. A Book and a Cappucino. C. Around the World in 80 Books. D. Readers That Love Giveaways. （2）Which website should you visit if you want free reading materials? A. http://www.fireandicebooktours.com. B. http://www.bookandcappucino.com. C. http://www.worldinbooks.com. D. http://www.kiwisbook.com. （3）Who is the text mainly intended for?

A. New authors. B. Young adults. C. Book dealers. D. Book lovers. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个小组，它们都是为喜欢读书的人开设的兴趣小组。

（1）考查细节理解。根据四个小组名称后面紧跟着的成员人数“●Around the World in 80 Books — 9,186 members”；“●Readers That Love Giveaways — 734 members”；“●Book Loving Kiwis — 706 members”；“●A Book and a Cappucino — 77 members”可知，Around the World 80 Books这一小组的成员人数最多。由此可推知，它是四个小组中最受欢迎的一个。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据●Readers That Love Giveaways部分中的“This group is for readers that enjoy entering give-aways and finding freebies!”可知，这个群组是为喜欢领取赠品和寻找免费赠品的读者而设的!其网址是http: //www.fireandicebooktours.com。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据●Around the World in 80 Books — 9,186 members部分中的”If you love exploring the world through books, you have come to the right place!“；●Readers That Love Giveaways — 734 members部分中的”This group is for readers that enjoy entering give-aways and finding freebies（免费物）!“；●Book Loving Kiwis — 706 members部分中的”A group for New Zealand book lovers（and authors）and lovers of New Zealand books（and books in general）；和●A Book and a Cappucino — 77 members部分中的“This group is for anyone who likes to read and likes to read at their own pace.”可知，这四个小组都是为喜欢读书的人开设的兴趣小组，因此本文的目标读者是喜欢读书的人。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

From quiet paths by a stream in a forest to busy roads running through a city, people have created various forms of routes in different places. These now exist all around us, and their use is imperative for societies. These routes have enabled people to move, transport things, and send information from one place to another quickly and safely. Throughout history, they have been important in our daily lives.

Early routes were often formed naturally on land. They gradually developed over long periods of time while people traveled them on foot or horseback. A significant turning point in their history arrived when the first wheeled carts appeared in ancient times. Once this happened, people recognized the importance of well-maintained routes. Therefore, towns, cities, and entire countries improved them. As a result, life became more convenient, communities grew, economies evolved, and cultures expanded.

People have established routes on water, too. Rivers and canals have served as effective routes for people to move around and carry things. For instance, in the old, Japanese city of Edo, water routes were used for the transportation of agricultural products, seafood, and wood. People have also opened routes across the sea. The seaways were critical for the navigation of ships, particularly in the days when they moved mainly by wind power. Using these sea routes, people could travel great distances, and go to places they had not previously been able to reach. People have gone on to open routes in the sky as well. Since the invention of the airplane, they have made it possible to travel long distances easily. Eventually, people became able to travel safely and comfortably high in the sky, and going vast distances only took a small amount of time. Today, we have a new type of route, the Internet. By using this worldwide route, people can easily obtain information that once was available mainly from books and face-to-face communication. They can also instantly send messages to large numbers of people all at once. As long as there have been people, there have been routes to connect them. Currently unknown routes will surely take us even further in the future.

（1）Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word imperative in paragraph 1? A.accidental B.industrial C.essential D.traditional

（2）Why is the example of Edo introduced in paragraph 3? A.To describe the difficulty of creating routes on the water. B.To emphasize the fact that it was an important city.

C.To explain the use of water routes to move along the coastlines. D.To illustrate the important roles of water routes for cities. （3）What does paragraph 5 tell us about routes? A.Routes can be thought of as existing invisibly in the world.

B.Routes that move information can be regarded as dangerous. C.The fundamental functions of routes are declining. D.The importance of different kinds of routes is the same. （4）What is the main idea of this article?

A.Humankind first created various types of convenient routes on land. B.Improvements in transportation have come at great cost. C.Technology has interfered with opening up routes around the world. D.The advancement of humanity was aided by the development of routes. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）A （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了从最初的陆路到水路和空路，再到如今的互联网，这些路线促进了人类的进步和社会的发展。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的\"These routes have enabled people to move, transport things, and send information from one place to another quickly and safely. Throughout history, they have been important in our daily lives.\"可知，这些路线使人们能够快速、安全地从一个地方到另一个地方移动、运输物品和发送信息。纵观历史，它们在我们的日常生活中一直很重要，因此它们的使用对于社会来说是必不可少的，由此可知画线词词义为\"必要的\"，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的\"People have established routes on water, too. Rivers and canals have served as effective routes for people to move around and carry things.\"可知，人们也在水上建立了路线，河流和运河已经成为人们走动和搬运东西的有效途径，紧接着举日本江户这个例子就是为了证明这一点，即：水路对城市有着重要作用，故选D。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的\"Today, we have a new type of route, the Internet. By using this worldwide route, people can easily obtain information that once was available mainly from books and face-to-face communication.\"可知，如今，我们有一种新的路线——互联网，通过使用这条世界性的途径，人们可以很容易地获得以前主要从书本和面对面的交流中获得的信息，与传统的陆路、水路以及空路相比，互联网这种新的路线是无形的，由此可知，路线可以被认为是无形地存在于这个世界上，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了从最初的陆路到水路和空路，再到如今的互联网，这些路线促进了人类的进步和社会的发展，由此可知，本文介绍的是人类的进步得益于路线的发展，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

\"The history of the world is but the biography (传记) of great men,\" argued Thomas Carlyle,

the advocate of what has come to be known as the \"Great Man Theory of History.\" This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyle's theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.

As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, you'll likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this the case? First, I find good biographies fascinating. I'll occasionally read a novel, but I've never been overly drawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchester's The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life.

Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. You'll find no better account of the British Empire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchester's Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion. Strictly speaking, a biography is but a slice of history.

Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his mind, and a man who works with his mind should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchill's saying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world. This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don't be counted among their number.

（1）What is implied in the first paragraph? A. The author finds Carlyle's theory undebatable. B. Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history. C. It is debatable whether one should read great men's biographies. D. The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.

（2）What does the underlined phrase \"other items\" in the third paragraph refer to? A. good biographies B. stories of certain times

C. the volumes of The Last Lion D. the chapters of the British Empire （3）Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The author considers biographical reading enjoyable. B. The author can travel to another world in the evening. C. The author has fought many battles during his lifetime. D. The author profits commercially by reading biographies. （4）What is the author's main purpose in writing the article? A. To analyze the benefits of vocational reading. B. To introduce to readers his unique reading strategies. C. To present great men's history through biography reading. D. To recommend biography reading through his own experiences.

【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）A （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者阐述了喜欢读好的传记的原因。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的\"This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times\"可知，这一理论表明，更广泛的历史运动和轮廓都可以追溯到对其时代有独特影响的伟大人物的领导。所以通过第一段的关键词\"go back to，had unique influence on their times\"，判断出第一段暗示了作者同意历史受某些人的影响很大。故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的\"A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. \"可知，一个好的传记作家不仅讲述一个人的故事，而且还在讲述他们所处的时代。读一本好的传记就像漫步在一个充满智慧的购物中心。第一家商店吸引了你，但你会惊喜地发现，还有其它的商品吸引了你的注意力。所以作者把读好的传记比喻成购物，将历史人物和某个时期的历史故事比喻成商店的商品。故判断出第三段划线的\"other items\"指的是某个时期的故事。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\"For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life\"以及第三段\" Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.\"可知，对我来说，不读传记会剥夺我生活的乐趣。的确，没有什么事情比悠闲地度过夜晚，进入另一个世界更令我放松。所以作者认为传记阅读令人愉快。故A选项\"作者认为传记阅读令人愉快\"是正确的。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的\"First, I find good biographies fascinating.\"；第三段中的\"Second, I find good biographies informative.\"；第四段中的\"Third, I find good biographies relaxing.\" 以及最后段\"This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don't be counted among their number.\"可知，首先，我觉得好的传记很吸引人。我发现好的传记信息丰富。我发现好的传记让人放松。这就是为什么我喜欢读好的传记，以及为什么我同情忽视它们的人。不要成为那些不读传记的人群的一员。可知，作者通过自己的经历阐述了自己喜欢读好的传记的原因目的是推荐人们读传记。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

When he was young, Louis Armstrong was taking what was called “Creole jazz”, which was also called dance music, and combining it with trumpeter (小号手) Buddy Bolden, to create what would eventually become today's jazz.

Armstrong accomplished that with almost no formal training. He received little training before he was placed in the New Orleans Colored Waif's Home at the age of 12, after a run-in (小争执) with the police. The punishment turned out to be a mixed blessing, for he also had the

opportunity to play in a real band.

While at the Waif's, Armstrong also got the chance to hear some of the city's finest musicians. Cornetist Freddie Keppard performed in a nearby club. So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.

When Oliver left for Chicago, Armstrong chose to stay in New Orleans and work with some of the other top musicians of the day. In Chicago, King Oliver offered him a place in his band in 1922. It became Armstrong's biggest challenge yet — the band had no parts written for trumpet, so he was forced to listen to King Oliver and improvise (即兴创作).

Soon, Armstrong's undeniable talent was getting notice. Even classically trained musicians would come to hear the incredible sounds this young man created.

Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.

Armstrong moved to New York City in 1924 to join Fletcher Henderson's band and then flew solo. In 1925, Armstrong put together the Hot Five, expanding his popularity even more. Armstrong recorded his first composition, Cornet Chop Suey, one of the most copied jazz solos of all time. This monumental 1928 recording blends (混合) artistry, endurance and showmanship that has rarely, if ever, been matched in Jazz.

（1）What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the second paragraph? A. To play dance music. B. To work with Buddy Bolden. C. To create modem jazz music. D. To play a jazz instrument well. （2）Who taught Louis Armstrong how to play music in the early time?

A. Buddy Bolden. B. Lil Hardin. C. Cornetist Freddie Keppard. D. King Joe Oliver. （3）Why did Louis Armstrong Leave King Oliver's band? A. Because he wanted to get married in New York. B. Because the man forced him to leave the band. C. Because he got a better opportunity in New York. D. Because his talent could not develop completely. （4）What's the main idea of the passage? A. It asks readers to know more about modern jazz. B. It introduces one of the greatest jazz musicians. C. It introduces the development of jazz.

D. It describes the importance of talent in playing jazz. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了音乐人Louis Armstrong学习音乐的过程。 （1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中的to create what would eventually become today's jazz.由此可知that指上段 “...to create what would eventually become today's jazz.”，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.”小号手兼乐队指挥King Joe Oliver也这么做了，他把小男孩放在自己的侧厅，教他如何阅读音乐，学习演奏技巧。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“ Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.”可推断出Louis Armstrong离开King Oliver乐队的原因是因为他的才能不能得到完全发展，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。全文介绍Armstrong如何成为伟大的爵士音乐家，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

A study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important. These experiences affect the development of the brain. When children receive more attention, they often have higher IQs. Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain. There are a hundred trillion(万亿)connections in the brain of a three-year-old child.

Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at distinguishing different sound patterns. Her researchers produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns. For example, one order was mu-ba-ba. This is the pattern\"A-B-B\". Another order was mu-ba-ge. This is the pattern “A-B-C”. The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the\" A-B-B\" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. They also were sensitive to where it occurred in the order. Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the building block of words and grammar.\" Position is key to language,\" she says. \"If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'”

Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones－no matter how educational－doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development. They carried out a study of nine-month-old American babies. They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to-face with the same sounds. Instead they found a huge difference. The babies in the second group were able to distinguish between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners. But the other babies－regardless of whether they had watched the video or listened to the audio－learned nothing. （1）What makes connections in a baby's brain?

A. Having a higher IQ. B. Experiencing new information. C. The baby' early age. D. The connection with other babies.

（2）What did Judit Gervain and her team find in the experiment? A. Babies identify different sound patterns. B. Word order is relevant to meaning. C. Babies can well understand different words. D. A certain brain region processes language.

（3）What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 3? A. Grammar is important in learning languages. B. Different orders have different meanings. C. Different languages have different grammar. D. Words have different sounds.

（4）What is the main conclusion from the study led by Patricia Kuhl? A. Babies shouldn't watch a lot of television.

B. Listening to different languages develops babies' brain. C. Foreign languages help babies' brain develop.

D. Social communication improves babies' brain development. 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章，介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要，而媒介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显，最有效的是面对面语言输入。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain.可知，婴儿接收到不同信息，可以让大脑不同部分形成连接，故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the\" A-B-B\" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns.可知，实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式，故选A。 （3）句意猜测题。根据第三段\"If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: 'John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'”可知，有些东西放在句首和句尾，会有很大的不同，比如John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John，意思是不一样的，可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很重要的，顺序不同，意思不同，故选B。 （4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones－no matter how educational－doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development.可知，通过电视、网络等媒介的语言教学，对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的，并且后面的实验表明，面对面的语言输入才有效，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

\"What kind of rubbish are you?\" This question might normally cause anger, but in Shanghai it was brought about weary complaints over the past few months. On July 1st, the city introduced strict rubbish-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Citizens must divide their waste into four separate categories and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure that rules are obeyed and to examine the nature of one's rubbish.

Violators could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain hank loans or even buy train tickets.

Shanghai authorities are responding to obvious environmental problem. It produces 9 million tons of garbage a year. But like other cities in china, it lacks a recycling system. Instead, it has relied on rubbish pickers to pick out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up. China produces 80 billion pairs of one-off chopsticks a year.

Many citizens appear to support the idea of recycling in general but are frustrated by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous(有害的), the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have complained about the rules surrounding food waste. They must put it straight in the required public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss(投掷）it by hand, Most annoying are the short periods for throwing trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and can keep an eye on what is being thrown out; no one wants to look bad. （1）What's the purpose of Paragraph 1? A. To complain about rubbish dividing. B. To explain the four categories of the waste. C. To introduce the rules on waste sorting. D. To show the goal of rubbish, sorting regulations.

（2）What does the underlined word \"Violators\" in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. People who don't pay for train tickets. B. People who argue with the monitors. C. People who obtain bank loans. D. People who are against the regulations. （3）What makes the citizens upset most about the rules? A. Complex distinction among the four categories of rubbish. B. Short scheduled time for tossing rubbish.

C. Being observed by monitors when throwing the garbage. D. Being fined when blamed due to improper behavior. （4）What can be the best title for the text?

A. A Restart of Waste-sorting B. A New Age of Garbage Classification C. Learning to Classify Rubbish D. Rubbish-sorting Benefits the World 【答案】 （1）C

（2）D （3）B （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了7月1日上海市出台的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。文章说明了垃圾分类规定的部分内容以及违反者将面临的处罚，这项出台的原因是上海日益增多的垃圾，以及居民们对此的看法和态度。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Citizens must divide their waste into four separate categories and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure that rules are obeyed and to examine the nature of one's rubbish.”市民必须将垃圾分为四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场时，以确保规则得到遵守，并检查垃圾的性质。可知主要是在说明垃圾分类的相关规定，故第一段的目的是介绍垃圾分类的规则。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“They could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29).”他们将面临最高200元(29美元)的罚款。可推测他们此处指违反垃圾分类规定的人们，故划线单词意思为“违反规定的人”，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Most upset are the short windows for throwing trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening.”最让人心烦的是扔垃圾的短暂开放期，通常是早上和晚上的几个小时，可知，扔垃圾的时间很短让居民对这些规定最不满。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“On July 1st, the city introduced strict trash-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Residents must divide their waste into four separate kinds and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure compliance and to inquire into the nature of one's rubbish.”7月1日，该市出台了严格的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。居民必须将他们的垃圾分成四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监督员在场时，以确保遵守和调查一个人的垃圾的性质）以及文章主要内容围绕着上海垃圾分类规定标志着一个垃圾分类的新时代的开始而展开，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Gene technology to benefit people

Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people.

The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied, not only these two diseases can be cured

completely, bringing happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life span(寿命) can be prolonged.

Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial(皇室) family being a good example, have hereditary(遗传的) diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it and a healthy child will be born.

Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep; therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way. Of course, the governments must take care to control gene technology. （1）What does \"these two killers\" in the second paragraph refer to? A. Gene technology and another treatment of the two diseases. B. The two murderers who killed the cloned baby. C. The two diseases of cancer and heart disease. D. Hereditary diseases and cancer.

（2）What's the main idea of the third paragraph?

A. How gene technology can be applied in the field of treating hereditary diseases. B. Gene technology can be used to clone human babies. C. Gene technology can help people to give birth of a baby. D. Gene technology can help the English imperial family out.

（3）In what way gene technology can help to treat hereditary diseases? A. Using gene technology, people with hereditary diseases can have more living days. B. Using gene technology, scientist finds the wrong gene and corrects it. C. Using gene technology, human babies can be cloned.

D. Doctors can cure cancer and heart disease with the help of gene technology. （4）What is the main purpose of writing this passage? A. Expressing the writer's idea that gene technology will benefit people B. Telling people the advantages of gene technology

C. Telling the readers that gene technology will not benefit people D. Explaining that gene technology will also do harm to the humanity 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了基因技术，详细讲述了基因技术的好处。 （1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and

heart disease.”基因技术所能做的最伟大的事情就是治愈严重的疾病，而这些疾病是目前医生们几乎为力的，比如癌症和心脏病，及划线词所在句“Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers.”每年都有数百万人被这两名杀手杀害，可知，每年造成数百万人死亡的元凶就是癌症和心脏病。由此可知，these two killers 指的是上文做的cancer and heart disease.故选C。

（2）考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的“In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it and a healthy child will be born.”在过去，医生对遗传病为力。但是基因技术可以完美地解决这个问题。科学家只需要找到错误的基因并加以纠正，一个健康的孩子就会诞生。可知，第三段主要介绍了基因技术可以被应用于治愈家族病。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy child will be born”科学家只需要找到错误的基因和纠正它,和一个健康的孩子将出生，可知，利用基因技术，科学家发现错误的基因并加以纠正，这样就可以治愈家族病了。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据标题“Gene technology to benefit people”基因技术造福人类；及最后一段中的“But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way. Of course, the governments must take care to control gene technology.”但我相信克隆婴儿不会大量出现，因为世界上大多数夫妇可以用非常正常的方式生育。当然，必须小心控制基因技术，可知，文章主要表达作者了认为基因技术将造福人类的观点。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

The Art Institute of Chicago

Visiting time

The museum is open daily 10:30 am-5:00 pm. The museum and its shops are closed on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day. Highlights of the Art Institute American Art

Discover how artists have expressed the many aspects of the American experience through the rich variety of this collection. This tour might include the works of artists like Paul Revere, Winslow Homer, and Georgia O'Keeffe. Impressionism: Monet, Degas, Renoir and More

Learn about the color and excitement of late 19th-century life as you view one of the most admired collections of French Impressionism in the world. Hidden Histories

Hear stories about artists and their artworks that may be overlooked or under-appreciated for

one reason or another These could be very small or out-of-the-way works. For families with children

With free admission for kids under 14 and Chicago teens under 18, the Art Institute is the perfect place for a creative outing with the whole family.

Visit the Family Room in the Ryan Education Center, and introduce your children to the museum's collections with a variety of activities. Assemble (组装)puzzles based on masterpieces in the museum, build architectural wonders with colorful blocks, and learn about art through stories and games. Food is available at an on-site cafe. (Outside food is not allowed to be brought in.)

（1）What can visitors learn from Hidden Histories?

A. The early stories of some famous artists. B. The artworks of some potential artists. C. Some stories about less-known artists. D. Some artworks by famous creators. （2）What can children do in the Family Room?

A. Practice storytelling skills. B. Decorate some masterpieces. C. Enjoy their home-made food. D. Take part in various activities. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了芝加哥美术馆的参观时间、美术馆的亮点、隐藏的历史，同时还有针对有孩子的家庭的活动。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Hidden Histories部分中的“Hear stories about artists and their artworks that may be overlooked or under-appreciated for one reason or another.”，参观者可以了解到一些被忽视的、被低估的鲜为人所知的艺术家的故事和作品。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据 For families with children部分中的”…… introduce your children to the museum's collections with a variety of activities …“可知，在这里孩子们能参加各种各样的活动。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Yellowstone National Park is the flagship of the National Park Service and a favorite to millions of visitors each year. The park is a major destination for all members of the family. By driving the grand loop road, visitors can view the park from the comfort of their vehicle and also take a rest at one of the many roadside picnic areas. How much is the entrance fee? $25 - Private, noncommercial vehicle; $20 - Motorcycle or snowmobile (winter);

$12 - Visitors 16 and older entering by foot, bike, ski, etc.

This fee provides the visitor with a 7-day entrance permit for both Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks.

A $50 park annual pass provides entrance for a single private non-commercial vehicle at Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. The $10 Interagency Senior Pass (62 and older) is a

lifetime pass available to U.S. citizens or permanent residents. Where can you stay?

Inside Yellowstone, you can choose to stay in modern or historic hotels and cabins inside the park like the Old Faithful Inn, the world's largest log structure. For those who want to be a little closer to nature, there are 12 campgrounds with a range of services from primitive pit toilets to shower and laundry facilities. There's also RV camping with and without dumping stations. Staying outside the park gives you unique Old West experiences but still keeps you close to park attractions.

If you're taking a road trip to Yellowstone, you'll want to check out our Hotels and Cabins On The Road section.

（1）The entrance fees listed on the web page don't apply to _______. A. temporary residents in the USA B. vehicles involving business activities C. visitors out of a certain age range D. private motorcycles and snowmobiles （2）What are you likely to acquire in the Old Faithful Inn?

A. Unique old west experiences. B. Primitive pit toilets and shower. C. Knowledge of origin of the park. D. RV camping with dumping sites. （3）Where does the passage probably come from?

A. A magazine. B. A textbook. C. A notice. D. A travel guide. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了黄石公园的门票以及可以选择的住宿及游玩的地方。

（1）考查细节理解。根据小标题“How much is the entrance fee?”下分别列出了私家非商务车入园的价格，摩托车或雪地车（冬季）入园的价格以及16岁以上的人步行、骑自行车或带滑雪板入园的价格，没有涉及到商务车入园的价格。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据 Where can you stay?部分中的“Inside Yellowstone, you can choose to stay in modern or historic hotels and cabins inside the park like the Old Faithful Inn, the world's largest log structure.”在黄石公园里边，你可以呆在像the Old Faithful Inn这样的旅馆里，有现代的、历史的旅馆和小棚屋。，由其中的historic及morden可知，我们有可能从这些建筑中了解公园的起源。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了黄石公园的门票及游玩住宿的地方，并且主要是提供给大家一些信息，所以应出自于与旅游指南。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解 Gemini Man

Gemini Man is a big-budget Hollywood sci-fi-action movie based on an original concept, rather than on a superhero comic or an old TV series, even though this particular original concept is

more 20 years old. In it a government assassin (杀手)is being hunted down by his own clone The original script was sold by Darren Lemke to a studio in 1997, and since then almost every male A-listener has been attached as a potential star. Now, at long last, Ang Lee has directed Gemini Man, and Will Smith plays both the veteran assassin and his much younger doppelganger (分身). Jojo Rabbit

During World War Two, a 10-year-old German boy (Roman Griffin David) is desperate to be a dutiful Nazi, only to discover that his mother (Scarlett Johansson) is hiding, a Jewish girl (Thomasin McKenzie) in their house. It may not sound like the stuff of a big-hearted comedy but Taika Waititi can make anything warm and funny. As well as writing and directing Jojo Rabbit, Waititi co-stars as the boy's imaginary friend,a nitwitted Adolf Hitler. Doctor Sleep

Mike Flanag's new film is adapted from Stephen King, novel, Doctor Sleep, which was a sequel (续集) to The Shining. You can expect to see blood flowing out of lifts in a rapid stream, ghostly twin girls and headache-including carpet patterns. Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy with psychic powers m 1980 film. Now, he is a middle-aged hospital counsellor. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil

Here's another chance to see Angelina Jolie. In 2014 she starred in Maleficent, Disney's live-action remake of the Sleeping Beauty cartoon from 1959. The twist was that the eponymous wicked fairy wasn't so wicked, after all, and that the real villain was the father of Princess Aurora (Elle Fanning). The sequel's subtitle promises that Maleficent will actually be evil this time around, her change of heart prompted by Aurora's engagement to handsome prince (Harris Dickinson). （1）What can we learn from this passage? A. Ewan McGregor plays a role in Doctor Sleep. B. Taika Waititi is the main character in Jojo Rabbit. C. Gemini Man is adapted from a 20-yem--old TV series.

D. The real wicked character in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil is Aurora.

（2）If your friend wants to see a horror movie, which one will you recommend? A. Gemini Man B. Jojo Babbit C. Doctor Sleep D. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil 【答案】 （1）A （2）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四部电影。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Doctor Sleep部分中的“Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy with psychic powers in 1980 film.”可知Ewan McGregor在电影Doctor Sleep扮演Danny Torrance的角色。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据Doctor Sleep部分中的“You can expect to see blood flowing out of lifts in a rapid stream, ghostly twin girls and headache-including carpet patterns.”可知电影里有血腥场景，可怕的双胞胎姐妹和让人头痛的地毯图案，故推测喜欢看恐怖电影的人，会选择Doctor Sleep这部电影。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

It's no surprise to hear the honking of horns in New York. Whoever tries every day to get more than a few minutes of sleep in the morning in the city will tell you that he could do nothing about it! No one can deny honking of horns is just one of his most widely enjoyed pastimes.

But Andy, a Japanese website developer has had enough of it. Once, the 27-year-old man approached the open window to wait for the driver to finish honking, delivered a polite \"excuse me\" and then yelled \"Ho-o-o-o-onk!\eggs from the window of his apartment on to a passing car honking loudly below when his patience was worn out. Instead of apologizing to him, the driver threatened to kill him angrily. So, nobly, Andy turned to non-violence. He started writing anti-honking haiku verses, a form of Japanese poetry, and submitted them to local newspapers: Oh. forget Enron;

The problem around here is; All the damn honking (Enron: a major American company that recently caused a scandal because of corrupt() mismanagement)

\"Then this kind of chain reaction started happening,\" Andy says. \"All these other haiku started appearing unexpectedly\" Andy's community is now covered in anti - honking poetry, written by all walks of life. Patience slowly fades;

Residents store up their eggs; That day is coming soon.

It's understandable that Andy has set up a website — www.honku.org — and now people from across the country send him news of their own anti - honking activities. It seems that poetry can change the world after all. Then, just recently, anti-anti- honking haiku started to appear, launched by locals who thought Andy should stop worrying about honking and start worrying about starving children, or war in the Middle East instead. Andy has an answer for that. \"Stop me if this is too ridiculous,\" he says, \"but they talk about the violence in the Middle East like it's a force of nature, like it's beyond our control. But actually it's kind of like the honking - the violence is man -made. If we can figure out how to stop honking on the streets, I think we could learn some things that we could use on a large scale.\"

（1）What does the first paragraph intend to tell us about New Yorkers? A. They enjoy listening to the honking of horns. B. Their life has been affected by the honking noise. C. They get accustomed to sleeping late in the morning. D. They have formed a habit of honking while driving.

（2）What is Andy's final reaction to the frequent honking of horns? A. Pretended to ignore it. B. Screamed at the driver. C. Acted in a peaceful way. D. Complained to the government. （3）According to the passage, most New Yorkers think Andy's response is______. A. acceptable B. pointless C. sensitive D. abnormal （4）Facing the criticism of his anti-honking campaign, Andy notes that______. A. if not handled well, honking will cause serious problems like starvation

B. fierce violence in the Middle East is more of an issue worthy of concern C. violence in the world as well as honking on the street is under our control D. finding the solution to anti - honking is as meaningful as that to starvation 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了纽约的汽车喇叭声严重影响了人们的生活，一个日本人对此做出了很大的挣扎，从激烈对抗到写打油诗的非暴力反抗，以及纽约当地人对此的反映。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“It's no surprise to hear the honking of horns in New York. Whoever tries every day to get more than a few minutes of sleep in the morning in the city will tell you that he could do nothing about it! ”可知在纽约听到巨大的汽车喇叭声不足为奇，因为这些声音人们想多睡几分钟是不可能的，即汽车喇叭声影响了纽约人的日常生活。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“So, nobly, Andy turned to non-violence.”可知Andy最后采取了非暴力行为来反抗喇叭噪音。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It's understandable that Andy has set up a website — www. honku. org — and now people from across the country send him news of their own anti - honking activities.”可知Andy建立网站后全国各地的人都给他寄来反喇叭噪音行为的消息，故推测人们对Andy的行为是接受并且支持的。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If we can figure out how to stop honking on the streets, I think we could learn some things that we could use on a large scale. ”可知Andy认为如果解决了喇叭噪音问题，就能把从中学到的东西应用到更大规格的事情上，故推测他认为解决喇叭噪音和解决饥荒一样重要。选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。