高中英语 知识点总结 新人教版必修1

龙文教育学科教师辅导讲义

课 题 教学目标 高一上短语总结 掌握重要短语和语法点。 重点、难点 容易混淆和记错的短语。 考点及考试要求 对所学短语有一个全面的掌握，从而从容应对考试。 教学内容 高一英语上英语词组和语法重难点 1．What is sb. like? / What does sb. look like？/What does sb. like? /How does sb like/find sth? 2. argue with sb. about sth 因„和某人争执 4. so / nor/ neither + 系动／助动／情动 + 主语 （什么时候用：So it is with...; It is the same with... ） 5. be into 对„深感兴趣 =be interested in; have/show interest in /be fond of 喜欢 == care for; /like; enjoy; 6. surf the internet 上网冲浪；imagine (sb/sb’s) doing sth / imagine sb to be 想像某人是；cast away 抛弃 8. so„that„/such„that„ 如此„以致„ 之间的区别。 10. survive the crash 在中幸存；all alone = all by oneself ；alone 单独的；独自的 lonely 孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的； 13. hunt for 搜寻 寻找 search for; make fire 生火 13．in order to 为了 so as to; in order that; so that之间的区别。 14．even though/even if 即使，纵然 as if / as though 好像 15．treat„as把„当作 regard...as...; think of...as ；consider...as/to be 16．share sth. with sb. 与„分享 share (in) sth 分享 17．care about/for 关心，照顾，喜欢 18．should have done 本来应该 =ought to have done ；shouldn’t have done 本不应该做。 19．make friends with 与„交朋友 20．such as，for example（for instance），that is to say之间的区别。 23. be loyal to; be faithful to；be devoted to 忠诚于（其中to都是介词） 24. be quick in mind and action 思维敏捷行动迅速 25. have fun； enjoy oneself; have a wonderful time 玩的开心，过得愉快； 27．keep„in mind 把„记住 learn...by heart; remember 28．in error / by mistake 由于错误或疏忽；tie up (one’s hair) 扎起来== do up 30．run into 偶然遇见; 遭遇；与...相撞== come across; meet by chance; happen to meet 31．be proud of 以„而感骄傲== take pride in 32．run a restaurant 开餐馆 start a restaurant run a business 做生意 33．skip classes 逃课；keep an eye on 照顾; 注视；stare at 盯着看 34．make fun of 取笑某人; laugh at 35. It is possible (for sb) to do; It is possible/probable/likely that；Sb. + is (most) likely to do sth；Sth. + is probable 36．be curious about 对„感到好奇；have the curiosity about 第三教育网www.3edu.com教育免费资源集散地 1 第三教育网www.3edu.com教育免费资源集散地

39. despite = in spite of 尽管；不管 == regardless of；though/ although 之间的区别。 1. for the first time 第一次；首先 at first; first of all 4. at all（否定：根本； 疑问：到底； 条件：竟然）；above all 首先；首要的；after all 毕竟；in all 总共==in total； All in all == in short==in a word== to sum up 一句话，简言之，总而言之； 5. make oneself at home 不拘束，别客气 7. all around the world=throughout the world ；the majority of 大多数的；the minority of少数的； 10. the number of „的数量 (用large; small修饰，谓语动词单数) ；a number of许多，谓语用复数； 11. except （除去）指在整体中除去行为未发生者 （不包括在内）。 except for (除了有„之外)指在一个整体中除去其中某个或某些因素，前后两个名词性质不同。 except that (除去；除掉) 后接从句，还有except when, except what; except where等。 besides (除了„还) 包括在整体之内。 but (除了...之外) 和except 同义，与否定词或疑问词连用。 11. communicate with sb. 与．．．交流，联络；have a good knowledge of 对．．．很熟悉；通晓； Ask sb (not) to do sth；Tell sb (not) to do sth；Order sb (not) to do sth； help sb. with sth ；help sb do sth; help do sth; 帮助 /assist sb with sth; assist sb to do sth; assist in doing sth. 协助某人做... 14. stand still 站着不动; stay still; lie still 15. leave the door open 让门开着；leave the light on；让灯亮着 leave sb doing sth任凭...做；leave... alone 听任...；任凭； 16. turn down ／up the radio；turn up 出现 turn down 拒绝 turn off / on；turn in 上缴；turn out 结果是；被证明是 17. stay up 熬夜；不睡觉 stay the same = remain the same. 保持不变 18. come about 发生；happen; take place; break out 20. in the same way 用同样的方式 in different ways 不同 in this way 这样 in no way 决不 in the way 挡道；妨碍 out of the way 不挡道 in a way 在某种程度上；在某一点上 on the way 在路上；即将发生 by the way 顺便说/问一下； by way of 经由；经过 22．at the same time 同时 =meanwhile 23. end up with 以...（形式）告终 begin/start with / end in failure 以失败而告终； 24. more or less 或多或少； 25. have difficulty/trouble in doing sth 做某事有困难 26. a great many; many a; a great number of (可数)；（之前总结过的笔记一起复习） a great many factories 区分 a great many of the factories a great deal of; a large amount of; (不可数) a large quantity of; large quantities of; plenty of; lots of 27. bring in 带来; 引进 bring out 出版；生产；揭露 bring about 引起；导致 bring up 抚养；培养 29. shut up 闭嘴；pass away 去世 31．promise sb to do sth 答应某人做某事 promise that/ make a promise; make a decision 做出决定 33. marry sb; 与某人结婚 get married to sb/ be married to sb; at least 至少 at most 最多；chat on line 网上聊天； 37. stay in touch＝keep in touch with sb.= keep track of保持联系get in touch with;取得联系 lose touch with失去联系 38. because of 区分because / thanks to 多亏as a result of 由于...的结果due to 由于，因为owing to由于；因为 39. not only... but also.. （用于句首时，前句倒装） Not only did Xiaohua learn a lot of English from her Canadian teacher, she also became very interested in Canada. (前句倒，后句不倒) Not only the students but also the teacher doesn’t understand this sentence. (并列主语，不倒装，谓语就近一致) 40. as many as; as much as 和...一样多；as much money as； His son is as naughty a boy as he used to be when he was young. 41. in the name of 以....的名义；take ...into consideration 顾及，考虑到 /under consideration 在考虑中，在研究中 第三教育网www.3edu.com教育免费资源集散地 2 第三教育网www.3edu.com教育免费资源集散地

2. means of transportation/transport 交通方式（means是单复数同行） Every possible means has been tried/ All possible means have…； by all means 不惜一切 =in all ways；by this means 用这种方法 =in this way；by no means 决不；一点也不=in no way by means of 通过，借助于 = by； 3. in time 及时;早晚;总有一天；on time 准时；in no time 马上；at that time 那时；at times 有时；for the time being 暂时的； 4. prefer sth / to do sth / sb to do sth 更喜欢；较喜欢 prefer doing A to doing；prefer A to B = like A better than B；prefer to do A rather than do B； 5. in space 在太空 in outer space 在外部空间；get away (from) 摆脱；离开 break away from 脱离；get rid of 去除； 8. instead of 代替；而不是（区分：instead）rather than 9. try doing 试验做；try to do sth 努力去做；试图作；manage to do sth = succeed in doing sth设法做到了某事； attempt to do sth; make an attempt to do sth 企图做某事 10. get close to 靠近；接近；experience C. n 经历；U. n.经验； 12. take exercise 进行锻炼==have sports; do sport；exercise C. n 练习题 (pl) 体操；U. n 锻炼； 13. go for a hike = go hiking 去徒步旅行；go rafting 去漂流；watch out（for...）留神；提防； 15. protect„ from/against „ 保护„免受„ 16. be careful (not) to do sth小心(不)做某事 be careful about注意 be careful with小心处理；be careful of小心,当心 17. as to / for 至于；关于；think about 考虑 think of 想到，想起 think over 仔细考虑 think out 想出 20. unless = if not 除非...否则... You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim.(条件) 区分：until You must not get off the bus until it has stopped.(时间) 现在进行时表示将来的计划，打算 How are you getting to the airport? 一般现在时表示时刻表的将来 My plane leaves at seven this evening. 21. go on separate holidays 分别去度假 22. in a few days’time = in a few days =a few days later 几天后；after 和 in 的区分 23. go off to ； be off to 动身去 leave for; 24. see sb off 给某人送行 meet sb 接某人 25. take a taxi to 乘出租车 go to ...by taxi 26. have a nice / pleasant trip/journey 祝旅途愉快 27. say “Hi” to sb. for me 代我向某人问好 give my regards to sb / remember me to sb. 28. The same to you. 我也祝愿你。 对比： It’s the same with... ...也一样 It’s all the same to sb 对某人而言是一样的。 / I have the same pencil bag as yours/ you have. 29. in the past 在过去 in the old days 30. at present 目前; at the present time; nowadays 31. in the future 在未来；将来 in future 以后 32. used to do sth 过去常做某事 /be used to do sth 被用来做 be used for (doing) sth/be used to sth/doing sth 习惯于 get used to doing 33. combine„with„ 把„和„结合起来 (为了共同目的合并) connect...with/to... 把...和...连接起来 （通过媒介物连接） link...with/to join...to... （直接连接） 34. on (the) one hand… , on the other hand … 一方面„, 另一方面.. 35. so that = in order that 为了„； 以便„ 36. learn about 了解； 学习有关„知识 37. as well as =and 也； 又；以及 as well = too 38. by doing sth... 通过作某事 by means of doing 39. make money 挣钱； 赚钱 earn money 第三教育网www.3edu.com教育免费资源集散地 3 第三教育网www.3edu.com教育免费资源集散地

40. the four of you 你们四个人 four of you 你们其中的四个人 41. prepare ( sth) for... 为„做准备... get ready for / prepare sb for sth 使某人为某事做好准备 be well prepared (for); 为...做好了充分的准备=be ready for make preparations for 为...做准备 42. make notes 做笔记 take notes 43. take off （飞机）起飞；脱掉（衣帽鞋） 44. go on holiday 去度假 go to (a place) for a holiday 45. fill„with„ 给„充满„ be filled with; be full of 充满了 46. the way (in which/that) + 定语从句 the/a way of doing sth = the/a way to do sth 做某事的方法 47. catch up with 赶上 keep up with 跟上；不落后 48. reach out (for sth) 伸手去（拿，碰） 49. pay attention to 注意 focus one’s attention on call /draw/attract one’s attention to 吸引某人的注意力于 50. give away 赠送， 放弃， 泄漏（机密） give up 放弃 give in (to sb) 屈服 give out 分发；发出（光，热，气，味等） give off 发出（光，热，气，味等） 51. come up with 提出；想到（主意）；put up with live up with 1. talk about 谈论； 议论 talk with sb; talk of 提到 2. host the 2008 Olympic Games 举办2000年奥运会 3. take place = come about; happen 发生 4. be caught in (a rain; a traffic jam; the earthquake) 偶然遇上（雨，交通堵塞,地震等） 5. create a dialogue = make up a dialogue 编对话 6. play tennis 打网球 7. for fun = as a joke 开玩笑的；不是认真的；为了取乐的 8. I hope so. I hope not. 9. shout /call for help 呼救 10. go on (a) holiday 去度假 go to/for a holiday on holiday 在度假 11. on fire 着火 catch fire 着火；set fire to=set...on fire 纵火 make fire 生火 12. I’m afraid of +n. 害怕 I’m afraid that... 担心 I’m afraid to do sth 不敢做某事 I’m afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 I’m afraid so. 恐怕是这样 I’m afraid not. 恐怕不会。 13. a natural disaster 自然灾害 14. hear/see sb. doing sth 听见/看见某人正在做某事hear/ see sb do sth 听见/看见某人做过某事 (五看二听一感觉) 15. look around 环顾； 四处看 16. advance towards 朝„前进 17. before +从句 还没来得及... 18. be upon 逼近； 临近 19. sweep sb down 把...冲到了 20. drag拖拉（重物）（比较艰难缓慢有阻力）drag oneself along拖着沉重的步子走pull 拉；扯（应用范围比较广） pull a tooth 拔牙 pull the door open 拉开门 pull at 拉扯 pull up 拉起来；拉上来 draw 拉（比较从容、平稳不费力） draw one’s attention 吸引注意；draw a conclusion 得出结论 draw back 后退 draw money from bank 从银行取钱 draw near 就要来临；逼近 21. get on one’s feet （艰难的）站起来 get up; stand up 22. hold on to 抓住 23. pull up 拉起来； 拉上来 24. against the wall 倚着墙 25. fight for 为„而战 struggle for 为„而斗争 26. look into 往„里面看； 浏览； 调查 look into one’s eyes 注视着某人 stare at; fix one’s eyes on; look sb in the mirror 第三教育网www.3edu.com教育免费资源集散地 4 第三教育网www.3edu.com教育免费资源集散地

照镜子 look sb up and down 上下打量某人 20. with a look of fright 害怕的； 恐惧的 21. around the corner 即将来临，on its way; draw near； in store 22. cut down 砍倒;削减 cut up 切碎 cut off 切断 cut in 插嘴;加塞 cut out 删除;剪下来 cut away 剪掉 23. three meters deep 三米深 three metres in depth a three-meter-deep hole = a hole of three meters deep 24. sweep away (风) 吹走； （浪） 卷走； sweep down 吹倒； 席卷； 冲倒 25. work out 计算出；想出（办法）；制定（计划）； work at 从事；致力于 work on 继续工作；从事于 26. refer to 指的是； 谈到；提到；查阅 定语从句：性定语从句，非性定语从句 27. strike，普通用词，“打一下；打几下”，不一定有意；“敲钟”。 hit，“击中，打，对准”，着重敲打或打击对方的某一点 beat，连续的打击; 如殴打或体罚等；游戏竞赛战争中击败 knock 敲；打 ；撞击 29. seize/grasp/take/grab an opportunity/chance抓住机会；by chance 偶然 30.区分：pay; cost; spend; take 32．take a photo of sb / sb doing sth 给„照相 34. a two-day trip 一次两天的旅行 36. on the morning of April 18th, 1906 37. as a result of =as a consequence of由于„的结果 34. A +动词/be + ten times larger than+B 比„大十倍 A +动词/be +ten times as large as+B 是„的十倍 A +动词/be +ten times the size of+B 是„的十倍 (number/amount/height/length/depth/width/age) 1. while still a student = while she was still a student 还是个学生的时候（状语从句的省略现象） (you) Don’t talk while (you are) eating. When (he was) asked how he gained first place, he suddenly became cheerful. The boys will go out to play football whenever (it is) possible. I won’t go to his birthday party unless (I am) invited. 2. play/act a role 扮演角色 play the role of... play a part/role in... 在...中起作用 3. after graduating/graduation (from...) 毕业以后 4. work as an actress 做演员 5. during/in the 1980s 二十世纪八十年代 6. win a prize 获奖 win a game/a battle/honour beat/defeat sb 打败某人 win sb. 把某人争取过来 7. get married (to sb); 结婚（瞬间）=marry sb. be married (to sb) 结婚（延续） 7. in the beginning = at first 开始的时候 反义；in the end = at last; finally; eventually 最后 8. make money 赚钱 earn money 9. make a film ／blockbuster／follow-ups 拍电影/巨片／续集 10. The reason„„is that„.. 原因是„ This is because... 这是因为... for this reason ; for some reason; for some reasons / the reason for +n./doing sth / the reason why/ for which... 定语从句 reason 与 cause 的区别 cause of the fire/accident 11. work on 从事于； 制作 12. take off 起飞；脱掉；很快上升; 开始流行／畅销 13. by the sea 在海边； by sea 乘船； in the sea 在海里 on the sea 在海面上 at sea 在海上；航海中；茫然 14. be afraid to do sth 不敢作某事 be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事 be afraid that 担心；恐怕 15. come from outer space 来自外部空间 16. cut／tear„into pieces 把„切／撕成碎片 cut/tear ... into halves 把...切/撕成两半 17. do research (in/into...) 搞研究 第三教育网www.3edu.com教育免费资源集散地 5 第三教育网www.3edu.com教育免费资源集散地

18. go wrong 出错；出故障；走错道 do a little wrong 19. in the end 最后；终于 at the end of在„末尾／尽头 by the end of 到„末为止 19. meat-eating dinosaurs 食肉恐龙 20. owe sth to sb. = owe sb sth 把„归功于；感谢；欠（债） 21. can’t help doing sth 情不自禁， 忍不住做某事 can’t help do sth 不能帮忙做某事 22. pass the exam 考试及格 fail (in) the exam 考试不及格 23. a thirteen-year-old girl 十三岁小姑娘 a girl of thirteen years old; a girl of thirteen years of age; a girl aged thirteen 24. stay/be away for a month 离开一个月 25. take one’s place; take the place of 代替 26. lock „up 把„锁起来 27. run after 追赶； 追求； 追捕 be after 28. escape (from)... 从...逃离 escape from / flee (from) /run away from a country escape doing sth ； /escape being caught 没有被抓住 / catch sb doing sth; be caught doing sth 29. run away from school 逃学 skip classes 30. determine to do sth；make up one’s mind；decide /be determined to do sth 决意/ 决心做某事 31. go to town 进城 in town 在城里 go to the country / in the country 32. on the air 正在广播; 播送 =be broadcast go on the air 开始广播 go off the air 停止广播 in the air在空中; (消息等)在传播, 悬而未决的 by air = by plane 33. live adj 活的（动物）； 现场直播的； adv. 以实况的 living adj 活着的； 有生命的；现行的（前置定语；表语） alive adj 活着的， （ 后置定语； 表语） a living language 现行的语言 the greatest living poet 当代最伟大的诗人 a live fish 活鱼 the live gala on New Year’s Eve 直播的新年除夕晚会 the only man alive 唯一还活着的人 34. all the other pupils 所有其他学生 35. together with 和„一起 36. in one’s own words 用自己的话 in other words 换句话说 37. make comments on / make a comment on 对„发表评论 38. give one’s opinions about 对„发表意见 39. think highly/well of =speak highly of 40. encourage sb to do sth 39. lead to + n. 通往；导致 result in; cause sb to do sth lead sb to do sth 导致某人作某事 lead to sb doing sth lead sb (in) doing sth; 带领某人做 lead sb + 介词短语 40. make/earn a living 谋生 41. at a high /low price 以高/低价 42. make a decision 做出决定 43. accept one’s apology 接受某人的道歉 apologize to sb; make an apology to sb. 向某人道歉 44. break down 出故障； 坏了；分解 break up 拆散 45. at full / high speed 高速 at a speed of 100 miles per hour speed up 加速 speed by 飞驰而过 46. the World Cup Final 世界杯决赛 47. think highly/well of 对„高度评价 speak highly of 48. observe / obey the law 遵守法律 break the law 49. give sb a second look 再看某人一眼 50. make a fool of sb 愚弄某人 = fool sb. 51. turn out 结果变成 第三教育网www.3edu.com教育免费资源集散地 6 第三教育网www.3edu.com教育免费资源集散地

52. depend on / rely on 依靠， 依赖 53. stand by sb 支持某人 support sb /take sb’s side . meet with 遇见 55. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人干某事 56. lead the life of a real princess 过上真正的公主生活 57. make one’s career 在事业上有所成就 58. be clear about 对„清楚 59. combine „.with„把„和„结合起来 60. compare„with„把„和„比较 compare...to... 把...比作... compared to/with 与...相比 Compared to men, fewer women smoke in China. 1. apologize to sb. for sth/doing sth 因„向„道歉 make an apology to sb. for sth/ doing sth 2. mean + n./doing sth 意思是；意味着 mean +n. /to do sth/ that-clause 打算；意欲；有„的意图 mean sb to do sth. 打算（使／让）某人作某事 He meant no harm to you. / He meant you no harm. / He means his son to become a doctor. 3. for the first time “第一次” (作状语) On that day the scientist took us to the lab for the first time. the first time “第一次”(相当于连词引导时间状语从句) The first time we met, she wore a pair of glasses. This is the first time that„. “这是第„次作某事了” (从句中用完成时) This is the first time that I have been here. This was the first time that„. “这是第„次作某事了” (从句中用过去完成时) 4. make / leave / create a good impression （on sb） 留下好印象 impress on sb 5. be impressed by/with 对...留下印象 6. drink a toast 祝酒 drink to+n. 为...干杯 7. start with = begin with 以„开始 end up with 以„结束 end in failure 8. keep silent 保持沉默 9. for a moment(一会儿); in a moment（过一会儿）;at the moment（此时）;after a moment（过了一会儿）for the moment（暂时）; at any moment（随时） 10. at the table 在桌前 at table 在吃饭 //in the hospital / in hospital //in the prison / in prison /go to the prison /go to prison //in the church / in church / go to the church / go to church //go to the school / go to school 11．will 作情态动词,表意愿,决心,可用于if条件句中 You’d better not drink too much if you drive home after the party. / He will come to see you if he has time. If you will turn down the TV. There is really too much noise. / If you will read the book, I can lend it to you. 11. all the time 一直 12. drink to sb’s health / drink to sb. 13. raise one’s glass 举杯 14. take a sip 呡一小口 15. change over time 经过一段时间 16. follow the fashion of the day 跟随时尚 17. lay the table 摆桌子 18. serve the dishes上菜 serve the people为人民服务serve in the army服役This restaurant serves Chinese food.(供应) 19. mix„with 把„和„混合 be mixed with 20. extra information 额外信息 21. leave out 省略 22. wish you all the best = best wishes for you. 23. look forward to +n./doing 盼望;期盼„ 24. stare at 盯着看 第三教育网www.3edu.com教育免费资源集散地 7 第三教育网www.3edu.com教育免费资源集散地

25. pay the bill 买单；付帐单 May I have the bill, please? 26. behave oneself 注意自己的言行举止 behavior 27. It is certain that„ 肯定„ It is uncertain whether/when, etc…. Sb +be sure/certain to do sth 一定会做某事 Sb +be sure/certain about/of... 对...有把握 Sb +be sure/certain that... 相信... Sb +be not sure/certain whether/what... 28. fairy tales 童话 29. belong to 属于 (不用被动、进行时) 30. direct the traffic 指挥交通 31. produce / make /generate electricity 发电 32. hang (hanged/hanged) oneself vt. 上吊；绞死 hang-hung-hung 悬挂；vi. & vt. 33. The Hope Project 希望工程 34. communicate with 与„交流；shake hands with sb 和„握手 36. look right into sb's eyes/face 直视着 37. blow one's nose 擤鼻涕 38. in public 在公共场所 make ...public ; the public 39. think„to be„ 认为„是„think of...as 40. at home and abroad 在国内外 41. give sb. some advice on sth / doing sth/how to do sth 给某人提建议 take/follow sb's advice 听某人的劝告 42. lead sb to do sth 导致某人做某事 lead to sb doing sth 43. pay a visit to sb/a place 拜访,参观 call on sb / call at a place drop in (on sb) / (at a place) 44. make jokes about 拿„开玩笑； 讲笑话 play a joke on sb ; have a joke about have a joke with sb ; joke with sb 和...开玩笑 tell jokes 讲笑话 make fun of 取笑 laugh at 嘲笑；讥笑 1. cultural relics/sites 文化古迹 2. in one's opinion 以某人的意见 3. Where there is a river, there is a city. 4. on the bank of a river 在河岸／畔 5. during/in one's lifetime; in all one's life; throughout one's life 在某人的一生中 6. look like something out of a fairy tale 像是从童话种走出来的一样 7. in history 在历史上 8. under attack/fire 被攻击 (under=in the process of) under arrest; under discussion; under construction; under consideration; under control; under examination; under investigation; under observation; under repairs; 9. give in （to sb) 让步，屈服 give up 放弃 give out 发放； 发出（光；热；气等）；用尽 give off 散发（光；热；气） give away 抛弃；捐赠 give over 转交，移交=hand over 10. in ruins 废墟 bring„to ruin 使„变成废墟=ruin sth come/go to ruin=fall into ruin 变成废墟

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